Contact with the eyes could result in … This acid is used to make fluorine-containing drugs, including Teflon and fluorine gas. Hydrogen fluoride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H F.This colorless gas or liquid is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often as an aqueous solution called hydrofluoric acid.It is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers, e.g. Hydrofluoric acid is used to produce chemical precursors for the pharmaceutical industry and has other industrial applications. �~�-2�B|:�pΪ��l6���!ܒ;�N�����жm��r��� �}����Cր$]� Properties Names: gaseous state: hydrogen fluoride or anhydrous hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution: hydrofluoric acid, fluorhydric acid, fluoric acid Chemical Formula: HF Systemic hypocalcemia should be considered a risk whenever the body surface area of skin burns from concentrated HF exceed 25 in2 (160 cm2), or about the size of the palm of your hand. Of course the vast majority of acids are much more boring. Full-protectors, a face shield, rubber boots, safety goggles and mid-arm length PVC gloves should have been worn by the deceased when hydrofluoric acid was being used in the fume cupboard. The toxicity of HF and HCl are very different. Long pants and sleeves 5. Exposure usually is unintentional and often is due to inadequate use of protective measures. Gloves: Thin disposable gloves (such as 4, 6, or 8 mil blue nitrile gloves) used in laboratory operations provide a contact barrier only and should be disposed immediately when contamination is suspected. Supervisors must ensure all staff and students working with HF are aware of this hazard and are adequately trained to handle, use and dispose of this material safely. Provision of a fume cupboard that had more working space; Use of smaller sized bottles or better designed 2-1 70%w/w hydrofluoric acid containers (to minimize awkward pouring postures) or introduction of a graduated dispensing unit to negate pouring the acid; Provision of an appropriate bench height for the operator. Inhalation may also have been another route of exposure due to the relatively high vapour pressure of HF acid.Ergonomics. \{��5��n���V�D��u=曑*�Sx��ا�nn�%��,̀�ET|I��)��ge�H�Ø@�R0� ��!9�nZ(MЪb����&*��s��(x`��������`����Q���2+�� Xs(8�q��_T�G�X�) If concentrated HF vapours are inhaled then death can occur very quickly. However, it is a weak acid and not a strong acid because it does not completely dissociate in water (which is the definition of a strong acid) or at least because the ions it forms upon dissociation are too strongly bound to each other for it to act as a strong acid. Inhalation of HF produces an immediate injury to the lining of the lungs with hemorrhage pulmonary edema and death. It is usually in liquid form. Hydrofluoric acid vapors are also an inhalation hazard and can cause ocular irritation. Mr. Hanly inhaled the acid's fumes, leading to his death in the emergency room of New York Hospital, Mr. Chalfen said. Even brief exposure to high levels of the vapor may cause severe damage to the respiratory system. Do not let the classification as a weak acid fool you, HF is a very aggressive and dangerous acid. 2. Other ergonomic factors which may have reduced the likelihood of a spill include: Overall, it was noted that the laboratory did not comply with requirements of national standards in the areas of emergency procedures, safe handling and disposal of the chemical and laboratory design. �PR�jO�46C'W�j��H���-x����hq��9^ۻs��V`�3�!1�{�� W#�ح]M�&FS�M��$����]-�� �r��2�;�?��F�YO#w����A���'�>�tǰ��Vn��U�.�?�s�E>)PH�q�ŝjҶ!�y2�ijѡI���L���&�''��BEz���l��G������h�>��f�;��xu��z���2J�z�_������E>$�8�)���,�Cm�qa�(��/��R\�k^��*LH�(��k� Identification numbers are CAS number 7664-39-3, UN: 1052 or RTECS: MW7875000. 65�LZS�����q ����=GÖD����G�\]"�lB+�c�|F�c��@ Unsafe work practices were factors in all of the deaths. HF is commercially available in concentrations ranging from 10% to 49% with 49% HF being the most common. However, HF is not only a strong corrosive, but also highly toxic towards higher concentra- tions: Local effects include tissue destruction and necrosis, deaths have been reported from concentrated acid burns to as little as 2.5 % body surface area. Deaths have been reported from concentrated acid burns involving as little as 2.5% Body Surface Area (BSA), an area roughly the size of your hand is sufficient to cause death. Sitting increased the body surface area. Unlike other mineral acids, hydrofluoric acid will attack glass, concrete, rubber, quartz and alloys containing silica. �KBS~$�_)U�8��F�S>��#y���b�q�k�Tx+��ͩ5��4F_U��4� HF can penetrate the skin extremely easily and decalcifies bones leading to tissue necrosis, which may result in amputation and death. HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (HF), HYDROFLUORIC ACID (HFA) 16735 Chemical accident in Netherlands with sulphuric acid Quality: * * Year: 1999: Country: NL: Activity: PROCESSING: Location: CHEMICAL FACTORY: Chemicals: SULPHURIC ACID, HYDROFLUORIC ACID, WATER: 16451 Chemical accident in South-africa with hydrofluoric acid Quality: * * Year: Thicker (10-20 mil) PVC or neoprene gloves provide better resistance but do not provide the necessary dexterity for many lab procedures. If the penetration is sufficiently deep, decalcification of the bones may result. Both versions are commonly referred to as HF in research and industry. The DIGEST is a newsletter published by the Universities Safety Association. HF may be known as Hydrogen fluoride (UN 1052), hydrofluoric acid (UN 1790) or fluorohydric acid. Systemic hypocalcemia should be considered a risk whenever the body surface area of skin burns from concentrated HF exceed 25 in2 (160 cm2), or about the size of the palm of your hand. polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). On 30th October 1987, a crane carrying a 50 foot section of a convection heater dropped its load onto an anhydrous hydrogen fluoride tank within the HF alkylation unit, shearing two lines leading to the top of the tank. The technician sustained burns to 9% of his body surface area, despite washing his legs with water from a makeshift plumbing arrangement that supplied water at 6 litres/min. Surveillance for HF‐related mortality is problematic because of the lack of unique coding for this acid in hospital records and vital statistics. Unsafe work practices were factors in all of the deaths. Hydrofluoric acid is a caustic chemical that is highly corrosive, which means it immediately causes severe damage to tissues, such as burning, on contact. Hydrofluoric acid also may be found in home rust removers. Therefore, it must be handled with extreme caution. Even brief exposure to high levels of the vapor may cause severe damage to the respiratory system. Vinegar (which contains ethanoic acid) and citric acid (found in, guess what, citrus fruits)… Severe health effects or death will result from depletion of calcium from blood and tissues. Taken from http://www.ab.ust.hk/hseo/tips/ch/ch005.htm. Suitable gloves include those made with PVC and neoprene. His condition continued to deteriorate despite, subcutaneous injections of calcium gluconate and administration of intravenous calcium and magnesium. HFis a liquid or gas which is the most corrosive acid known when in concentratedform. Aqueous hydrofluoric acid is a contact-poison with the potential for deep, initially painless burns and ensuing tissue death. %PDF-1.3 �3���[����we�YB����yF�&�e;Y�|�Bos Hydrofluoric acid is a chemical that is a very strong acid. Breathing in hydrogen fluoride at high levels or in combination with skin contact can cause death from an irregular heartbeat or from fluid buildup in the lungs. Hydrofluoric acid causes painful tissue inflammation and necrosis on contact. In addition to the strongly corrosive hydrogen ions, HF generates fluoride ions which can readily penetrate skin and tissue, and result in necrosis of subcutaneous tissue. decalcification of bone, cardiac arrhythmia and death. He subsequently died from multi-organ failure 15 days after the hydrofluoric acid spill.Points from accident investigation. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is only a weak acid, meaning it doesn't fully dissociate into its ions in water. Skin Exposure: Strong HF acid concentrations (over 50%) and anhydrous HF in particular, cause immediate, severe, burning pain and a whitish discoloration of the skin that usually proceeds to blister formation.The usual initial signs of a dilute solution HF burn are redness, swelling and blistering, accompanied by severe throbbing pain. Chronic exposure to low level of HF vapor may irritate respiratory system and cause problem to the bones. 1 Deaths have been reported from concentrated acid burns (involving ≥ 50% HF solutions) to as little as 2.5% of body surface area, which is equivalent to approximately one hand and forearm. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) causes chemical burns and is a serious systemic poison by all routes of exposure. Deaths have been reported from concentrated acid burns involving as little as 2.5% Body Surface Area (BSA), an area roughly the size of your hand is sufficient to cause death. Hydrofluoric acid is extremely corrosive! Hydrofluoric acid (CAS#7664-39-3) is the aqueous form of hydrogen fluoride gas, miscible with water. HF may be known as Hydrogen fluoride (UN 1052), hydrofluoric acid (UN 1790) or fluorohydric acid. Acid resistant apron 4. Hydrogen fluoride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H F.This colorless gas or liquid is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often as an aqueous solution called hydrofluoric acid.It is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers, e.g. Do not let the classification as a weak acid fool you, HF is a very aggressive and dangerous acid. 1341-49-7), a chemical that dissociates into HF when dissolved in water and therefore has similar toxicity. Fume hood must be used for all HF work. Two products contained ammonium bifluoride (NH 4 HF 2 , CAS no. 40, No. Since 1962, only two papers7,8 have been published describing fatal poisonings following the ingestion of HE The MANOGUERRA AND NEUMAN 0 HYDROFLUORIC ACID POISONING most recent paper, published in 1984 by Menchel and Dunn,7 reported six cases since 1956 of HF ingestion that resulted in death in Dade County Florida. Unless you can rapidly neutralize the HF and bind the fluoride ions, tissue destruction may continue for days and result in limb loss or death. The fluoride ions in HF readily bind calcium and magnesium, reducing their levels in the blood, resulting in hypotension and cardiac effects. It’s used to etch designs into glass and clean steel. PURPOSE Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is an extremely dangerous chemical, and can cause death from a skin exposure of less than 3% of body area. Head, Undergraduate Information: Dr. Beatriz Cisneros, Chemistry Advisor, An equal access/equal opportunity university. HF is similar to other acids in that the initial extent of a burn depends on the concentration, the temperature, and the duration of contact with the acid. It may have a commercial name like ‘Rustoff’ or ‘Aluminium brightener’ - so read the labels and safety data sheet (SDS). Because of the low flow rate, the volume of water may have spread the HF onto other parts of the skin. The chemical known as HF has the ability to penetrate the skin tissues deep to the bone – it penetrates more quickly than any other typical acid. Refinery Explosions Raise New Warnings About Deadly Chemical Chemical experts say recent refinery explosions could have been far more devastating if deadly hydrogen fluoride was released. Hydrofluoric+AcidIncidents!in#Torrance#&#Elsewhere1" Apartial"chronology"! Concentrated HF (70%) will fume on contact with air. Both versions are commonly referred to as HF in research and industry. Torrance!Refinery!ActionAlliance! This is what happens when 70% industrial grade Hydrofluoric acid (HF) comes into contact with glass. potassium levels), hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels), and sudden death. Following flushing, the technician, who appeared to be in severe pain and shock, immersed himself in a chlorinated swimming pool at the rear of the workplace, where he remained for approximately 35-40 minutes before ambulance help arrived. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) can form a toxic cloud at room temperature while exposure can lead to severe health problems and even death. Since 1962, only two papers7,8 have been published describing fatal poisonings following the ingestion of HE The MANOGUERRA AND NEUMAN 0 HYDROFLUORIC ACID POISONING most recent paper, published in 1984 by Menchel and Dunn,7 reported six cases since 1956 of HF ingestion that resulted in death in Dade County Florida. If you have trouble accessing this page because of a disability, please contact ScienceIT at sciencehelp@purdue.edu. Solutions of HF are colourless, acidic and highly corrosive. The deceased did not have access to an emergency shower to remove the HF, instead the skin was washed from a hose that provided water at a very low flow rate. The fact that it doesn’t break HF into H + and F – is part of what makes it so dangerous and subtle. In tegenstelling tot de andere waterstofhalogeniden is waterstoffluoride een zwak zuur. x�\�nˑ��W�f� ���wϬd��1����f!�&{,���R�^��ĉ�s2�A��-�T�q�Y�\�R���t����t�Zl��j��6�]So�3�X/��?�ׇ���i�_���}���+{�滣@���M��n;[ֳ��&�l������O��/��lg�ٺ����e�����M}�����f:3�/o�ԓ�_�x=y��������߯w�ꋦ�ΫI}m�>�̋��o�_[�3.�������}������i�f�����o�v�{~�~�H�� �����?\ֿTX��~�8�G�q����B�鬢8����1v�RH���I�b��R��8~� �w͵��+��d���zr>�82��T�D59`�e�.W���y���C�����s�\M�� Depending on the concentration, exposure to HF can cause death. 1. 4 0 obj Chronic exposure to low level of HF vapor may irritate respiratory system and cause problem to the bones. Hydrogen fluoride is a gas which when in solution with water forms hydrofluoric acid,HF. A standard geology technique, which involved the dissolving of sedimentary rock with mineral acids (hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid), was being undertaken in a fume cupboard. DO NOT confuse hydrofluoric acid with hydrochloric acid (HCl). Ingestion: May be fatal if swallowed. Aims Prognostic impacts of serum uric acid (UA) levels in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) remain inconclusive, especially for the whole range of serum UA levels. As a result of the design of the container, decanting from the 2-1 hydrofluoric acid container was awkward, involving the pronation of the forearm. HF Acid Attacking Bone matter. Hydrofluoric (HF) acid, one of the strongest inorganic acids, is used mainly for industrial purposes (eg, glass etching, metal cleaning, electronics manufacturing). Quality: * * * Year: 1984: Country: USA: Activity: PROCESSING: Location: CHEMICAL FACTORY Unlike other acids which can be rapidly neutralized, the neutralization of HF may proceed for days during which tissue destruction may continue. Like it's sister, HCl acid, it reacts with water with the release of heat and can cause burns on the skin. Closed toe shoes 6. HF is a chemical component in car and truck wash products, such as rust removers, aluminum brighteners, and wash formulations, because it is inexpensive and highly effective. The pKa of HF is 3.2, allowing it to readily cross cell membrane barriers, es- pecially in the acidic conditions of the stomach. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is only a weak acid, meaning it doesn't fully dissociate into its ions in water. Even small splashes of high-concentration hydrogen fluoride products on the skin can be fatal. Supervisors must also make sure that staff and students working with HF are familiar with specific emergency procedures. TqlaBt�j\Ii��#����/�lbѪ"d�\�h?u��^�TlTlh:c+�N��&I))��Z!u�jr���7�էƅ��㭠��bua3,�.����a�up��X_6�@��́ŢW&`s��!o��TY�:m^K�\��bצO2y�Ե��uGѿi�\��(����/V�;U�[z�Xȕk��A,Eh�3�������C1��H�3�{?�� 6�8J�}N16�� �=�;��~�%נr���>#|���*9;j�TQ�E��əWz��rHt�,�0J��@̢��ݘE�gƝ��FK�&����,K$+;�i�,�#nu�ϡ�D2� �� m���OOaFFB��������c�`$��ZK˲�/���v�q�#+�zv*=��0G�2J�T�]q��#��I�A� �� #�q��XFB�Tv>� AJ^;D����^R@���,����Z�U��� ��OIp�z\y+�!�g#�n�c����� ���35��\��X�Ιo笔��,`Hp���F�8-l ȵ�8�| Aqueous solutions dilute as 0.1 M will pH at approximately 1.0. Pain associated with skin exposure to HF may not occur for 1-24 hours. 23,24 HF binds with calcium whenever the acid comes in contact with skin or other tissues. This article looks at the factors that may have contributed to its occurrence. Contact with the eyes could result in blindness. A fatal accident occurred in a palynological laboratory in Australia, resulting in the death of a technician. It has a molecular weight of 20.01 and can typically be found in concentrations of 48-52% in water. 23 Because calcium is required for cell life, fluoride’s calcium-binding capacity may result in rapid cell death. At physiologic pH, HF dissociates to fluoride and hydrogen ions, leading to … 6, pp 705-710, 1996. As a result of the fact that the technician was working alone, it is unclear whether the spill was from the digestion cup or the 2-1 bulk acid container. '�d�5�2�7ȚB�jO�%�\��W$9�-+(;d-$Q� ����rit�|v�. �]}r �ܸ'�H�#,��"�ن �~s. Disclaimer: Answer contains graphic images. SallyHayati,!October!7,2015! %��������� polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). info@safetorrancerefinery.org! Hydrofluoric Acid HF: With a pKa of 3.15 HF is considered a weak acid in that it is not full disassociated below a pH of about 5.5 and will form complexes with many compounds including itself. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) burns are serious, and it's important to seek medical attention immediately after a burn even if you don't feel symptoms. There were reported to be 47 deaths. 30th October 1987 Accident summary. Severe health effects or death will result from depletion of calcium from blood and tissues. potassium levels), hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels), and sudden death. The exposure to this chemical can occur in several different mechanisms from dermal, ocular, inhalation, and oral routes into the body. At low concentration, skin burns may not be felt immediately although the delayed effects could be serious. It can also be called hydrogen fluoride, fluorohydric acid or HF. The risks. The original article was written by Luciano Muriale, Evelyn Lee, and Steven Trend of Worksafe Western Australia, and John Genovese of the Chemistry Centre of Western Australia and published by Elsevier Science Ltd. �d��|>��k��x���|1#_���+��h�.g��vQM0���`l�Ʒ��(�@1)�ҩ�#�R� �߱?JOD�} ��R){#�n��z��K �ˡh1}5qD�~��=r��.��#`{3|�N��!O�"s���g>+|�u� jm9��מ`Ewh�I����ĜYCZ9���,8 _�qXo(�H�$���j"No��� Wu*��Ƀ��t��I�4+�ŷDN�`�Yv"ZMZ��TzQ �)m�$Ts���w����bD�C����O?�����]� 4�l>:c���Ʈ����O�VU��f�Ϫ�e�a �b BX�H����3��_�3�Q�R"u�^2,j�(')r��S�R�̖�D�J|�N��\��#Yr�Ě��-��*y| �Av| �^{�($�ʳ(����J This acid is used to make fluorine-containing drugs, including Teflon and fluorine gas. Even so, it's probably the most dangerous acid in this list because it's the one you're most likely to encounter. The technician involved was believed to be seated when he knocked over a small quantity (between 100 - 230ml) of hydrofluoric acid (HF) onto his lap, splashing both thighs. Hydrogen fluoride gas, even at low levels, can irritate the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract. Hydrofluoric (HF) acid, one of the strongest inorganic acids, is used mainly for industrial purposes (eg, glass etching, metal cleaning, electronics manufacturing). Contact HSEO for replenishment of supply. The only personal protective equipment worn was two pairs of wrist length rubber gloves and a pair of polyvinyl chloride sleeve protectors. �Ț����7�pF)��-���f~a��Ӧ�R����Z\���9�e�n� !-PGqs��y���H�P\��%p��e�h�q� Y}R�*���>*���?���>,j�vPB�U{}����i�Nln$���+���5�Ay��rB���%(.���3%���0f��뎮 HF is commercially available in concentrations ranging from 10% to 49% with 49% HF being the most common. It has been estimated that death due to HF poisoning can occur if as little as 2.5% of the body comes into contact with concentrated acid (the palm of the hand represents approximately 1% of body surface area). Hydrofluoric Acid . Although a weak acid, i.e., it is not strongly disassociated, is used to etch glass. Hydrofluoric acid also may be found in home rust removers. Chronic exposure to low level of HF vapor may irritate respiratory system and cause problem to the bones. Thanks to the big screen, many of us think of acids as dangerous, burn-through-anything substances. HF is a liquid or gas which is the most corrosive acid known when in concentrated form. Dit heeft te maken met het feit dat HF-moleculen waterstofbruggen vormen, waardoor ze in lange ketens aan elkaar geregen worden. Calcium chloride or gluconate was noted to have been administered to �c�3FR���`�'ʵ�I�+g΅E��v�aM�� ^���#����2TwM��9���ZvM Four deaths were from skin contact with concentrated HF, and five deaths involved both skin contact and inhalation of vapor. Full length PVC coveralls with sleeves to the wrist or a full-length PVC apron with sleeve protectors, a face shield, rubber boots, safety goggles and mid-arm length PVC gloves should have been worn by the deceased when HF was being used in the fume cupboard. Clothing was not removed during the handling of concentrated hydrofluoric acid ( HF ) in oplost! Been worn during the handling of concentrated hydrofluoric acid also may be known as hydrogen fluoride UN! High levels of the deaths additional chemicals that can burn, including vapors and solutions, irritate... Can be fatal affected area and contaminated clothing was not removed during the with. Not strongly disassociated, is used to make fluorine-containing drugs, including Teflon and fluorine gas mr. Chalfen said amputation. # Torrance # & # Elsewhere1 '' Apartial '' chronology '' University who drew to! Article discusses poisoning from swallowing, breathing in, or touching hydrofluoric acid is a aggressive... Including Teflon and fluorine gas if concentrated HF burns can be fatal only... You, HF is an extremely dangerous material and all forms, including Teflon and fluorine.... Digest is a very aggressive and dangerous acid could have prevented this death could have prevented this could! Release of hydrofluoric acid with hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) different mechanisms from dermal,,... It reacts with water Answer contains graphic images Assistant Dept binds with calcium whenever the acid comes in with! Hf is an extremely corrosive acid, it is not strongly disassociated is! 70 % ) will fume on contact with skin exposure to low level of HF vapor may irritate respiratory.... Hydrofluoric acid ( HCl ) skin or other tissues % of the vapor may severe... You, HF rubber gloves and a pair of polyvinyl chloride sleeve protectors of concentrated hydrofluoric acid also be... He subsequently died from multi-organ failure 15 days after the hydrofluoric acid or HF removed... 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