slavery in colonial maine

Those in the north were primarily house servants.In South Carolina in 1720 about 65% of the population consisted of slaves Those in the north were primarily house servants.In South Carolina in 1720 about 65% of the population consisted of slaves.They worked on farms and plantations growing indigo, rice, tobacco, andcotton. In other cases, some slaves were reclassified as indentured servants, effectively preserving the institution of slavery through another name.[96]. Colonists came to equate this term with Native Americans and Africans. Slavery strongly correlated with Europe's American colonies' demand for labor, especially for the labor-intensive plantation economies of the sugar colonies in the Caribbean, operated by Great Britain, France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic. Mr. In June 1676, the Virginia assembly granted Bacon and his men what equated to a slave-hunting license by providing that any enemy Native Americans caught were to be slaves for life. Larger societies structured as chiefdoms kept slaves as unpaid field laborers, while in band societies the ownership of enslaved captives attested to their captor's military prowess. Slaves ate a long list of foods: turkey and other game birds; venison; pork; raccoon; bear; muskrat; opossum; beaver; honey; corn; lima beans; scarlet runner beans; green and red peppers; cranberries (crane berries); and sweet potatoes. Slavery in Colonial America, 1619-1776 … [81], Chattel slavery developed in British North America before the full legal apparatus that supported slavery did. "Those seeking cold, hard statistics on Maine communities won't be disappointed." Slavery, condition in which one human being was owned by another. [78] The slave trade to the mid-Atlantic colonies increased substantially in the 1680s, and by 1710 the African population in Virginia had increased to 23,100 (42% of total); Maryland contained 8,000 Africans (23% of total). [55][56] Although enslaved, the Africans had a few basic rights and families were usually kept intact. Discussions on the appropriateness of owning other people developed gradually in colonial-era America. 2017. "Masters believed that slave mothers, like white women, had a natural bond with their children that therefore it was their responsibility—more so than that of slave fathers—to care for their offspring. The anti-slavery tradition had gone back to the 17 th century Founders, and was taken up with new vigor in the middle of the 18 th , starting with lawyer James Otis. I have not exaggerated the wrongs inflicted by Slavery; on the contrary, my descriptions fall short of the facts” (Jacobs 439). It ended after … Colonial America, however, was a different story. Gradually in the English colonies, slavery became known as a racial caste that generally encompassed all people of African descent, even if mixed race. Mr. [66] This model gave way to a slave trade initiated by John Hawkins, who captured 300 Africans and sold them to the Spanish. COLONIAL AMERICA The first record of African slavery in Colonial America occurred in 1619. [40] A 1625 census recorded 23 Africans in Virginia. In Southern colonies and smaller farms, however, women and men typically engaged in the same roles, both working in the tobacco crop fields for example. Of the small numbers of babies born to slaves in the Caribbean, only about 1/4 survived the miserable conditions on sugar plantations. Portsmouth, NH. Khan Academy is a … November 13, 2018. Beginning in the early 18th century, the French imported Africans as laborers in their efforts to develop the colony. Once it became clear that tobacco was going to drive the Jamestown economy, more workers were needed for the labor-intensive crop. [50] Slaves could be held if they were captives of war if they sold themselves into slavery, were purchased from elsewhere, or if they were sentenced to slavery by the governing authority. VII, 1876, Wrong date for start of slavery in Maine. [71], The English entertained two lines of thought simultaneously toward the indigenous Native Americans. The free people of color became an intermediate social caste between the whites and the mass of enslaved blacks; many practiced artisan trades, and some acquired educations and property. In 1619, Dutch traders brought African slaves taken from a Spanish ship to Point Comfort. In British North America the slave population rapidly increased via the birth rate, whereas in the Caribbean colonies they did not. Colonial New England slavery : (African, African-American, Indian) in Massachusetts, NH and Maine. 1,180 Views Program ID: 468826-1 Category: Public Affairs Event Format: Speech Location: Hingham, Massachusetts, United States First Aired: The units were created at two different times, and were later The colonial society into which he was born would not have existed without it and education and livelihood depended upon it. Slavery became of fundamental importance in the early modern Atlantic world when Europeans decided to transport thousands of Africans to the Western Hemisphere to provide labor in place of indentured servants and with the rapid expansion of new lands in the mid-west … After the port of New Orleans was founded in 1718 with access to the Gulf Coast, French colonists imported more African slaves to the Illinois Country for use as agricultural or mining laborers. The White Lion, a privateer ship owned by Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick but flying a Dutch flag, docked at what is now Old Point Comfort (located in modern-day Hampton) with approximately 20 Africans. During the late 17th century and early 18th century, harsh new slave codes limited the rights of African slaves and cut off their avenues to freedom. In New Orleans society particularly, a formal system of concubinage, known as plaçage, developed. White. Slavery came after the use of indentured servants and was a way for the new nation to advance economically at the expense of thousands of people. Slavery began in North America when an unnamed Dutch ship brought a supply of twenty African slaves to Jamestown in 1619. Portsmouth Marine Society Press. Free blacks also settled in Maine and came to Maine during colonial days. Il nome Corps of Colonial Marines fu usato per indicare due differenti unità di fanteria di marina britanniche reclutate tra ex schiavi neri nelle Americhe, agli ordini di Alexander Cochrane. colonial period through 1865. Williamson, Joseph, Esq., “Slavery in Maine,” Collections of the Maine Historical Society, Vol. Mortality rates were high for both colonists and Africans, and new workers had to be imported. They would "be sent out on errands but in most cases their jobs required that they spend much of their time within their owner's household. Maine became the 23rd state on March 15, 1820, as part of the "Depending upon their age and gender, slaves were assigned a particular task, or tasks, that had to be completed during the course of the day. The Carolinians transformed the Indian slave trade during the late 17th and early 18th centuries by treating such slaves as a trade commodity to be exported, mainly to the West Indies. By 1640, the Virginia courts had sentenced at least one black servant, John Punch, to slavery. [59] As written, the Code Noir gave some rights to slaves, including the right to marry. Slaves in New England generally received a diet adequate in both amount and nutritional makeup. They presented the petition to their local Quaker Meeting, and the Meeting was sympathetic, but could not decide what the appropriate response should be. In Colonial Bombay, Slavery Practiced by Both Indians and the British Administration. 1833 Maine Historical Society Even the City of Portland was reluctant to let the Anti-Slavery Society used public facilities at City Hall. As of 1790, around eight percent of African … Reuben Ruby hack ad, Portland, 1834 Item Contributed by Maine Historical Society. Articles about Maine history, government, ecology, economy, recreation, towns, natural features, famous people, sports, with maps, photos, and videos. In the antebellum years, more than one million enslaved African Americans were transported from the Upper South to the developing Deep South, mostly in the slave trade. Indian Slavery in Colonial Georgia By Rodney M. Baine is well known that slavery was prohibited in Georgia soon after its founding. Every colony had slaves, from the southern rice plantations in Charles Town, South Carolina, to the northern wharves of Boston. The Corps of Colonial Marines were two different Marine units raised from former British slaves for service in the Americas, at the behest of Alexander Cochrane. In the years to follow, other laws resulted in Native Americans being grouped with other non-Christian servants who had imported to the colonies (Negro slaves) as slaves for life. Learn more about the history, legality, and sociology of slavery in this article. However, colonists began to see indentured servants as too costly, in part because the high mortality rate meant the force had to be resupplied. The Quaker petition was the first public American document of its kind to protest slavery. Some were permitted to work after hours earning wages equal to those paid to white workers. Slavery was officially sanctioned in 1776 by the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. In the early 21st century, new research has revealed that small numbers of East Indians were brought to the colonies as enslaved laborers, during the period when both India and the colonies were under British control. (2003). An authoritarian political culture evolved to prevent slave rebellion and justify white slaveholding. Twitter. She has also been involved in the Malaga Island archaeology project. One could easily assume that nineteenth … [41] Over this period, legal distinctions between white indentured servants and "Negros" widened into lifelong and inheritable chattel-slavery for Africans. Captain James Littlefield was a slave owner in the 18th century in Wells. 2353. The Republican marine corps, units of the French army with naval heritage. The first full-scale slave code in British North America was South Carolina's (1696), which was modeled on the colonial Barbados slave code of 1661 and was updated and expanded regularly throughout the 18th century. "[88] This reproduction would either be forced between one African slave and another, or between the slave woman and the owner. Beat's band: http://electricneedleroom.net/Mr. Only a fraction of the enslaved Africans brought to the New World ended up in British North America. Later, slaves were also held privately by settlers in the area. [34], The first recorded Africans in Virginia arrived in late August 1619. This increase of about 40 percent in over a decade occurred when the total population of Maine more than doubled, an indication of slavery's declining importance downeast. Facts about Colonial Slavery inform you with the common activity conducted in 1700s in 13 colonies. Slavery was Important. Slavery in the colonial history of the United States, from 1526 to 1776, developed from complex factors, and researchers have proposed several theories to explain the development of the institution of slavery and of the slave trade.. I'm curious about any family Colonial slavery usually refers to slavery in the American Colonial period between the early 1600s and the late 1700s when the colonies became independent from Britain. The Meeting passed the petition up the chain of authority to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, where it continued to be ignored. [24], The first African slaves in what is now Georgia arrived in mid-September 1526 with Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón's establishment of San Miguel de Gualdape on the current Georgia coast. (Portsmouth Marine Society Press, Portsmouth, NH 2017), Mrs. Wall, your book has become an important resource for me in my research of my family. [22], The first African slaves in what would become the present day United States of America arrived August 9, 1526 in Winyah Bay, when Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón brought 600 colonists to start a colony. Slavery, Geography and Empire in Nineteenth-Century Marine Landscapes of Montreal and Jamaica is among the first Slavery Studies books - and the first in Art History - to juxtapose temperate and tropical slavery. They typically had the same diet as whites and may have consumed a greater range of food than those available in Africa. [7][8] [25][26][27] They rebelled and lived with indigenous people, destroying the colony in less than 2 months. Because Fort Mose became a haven for escaped slaves from the English colonies to the north, it is considered a precursor site of the Underground Railroad. Some of these state jurisdictions enacted the first abolition laws in the entire New World. It required owners to instruct slaves in the Catholic faith, implying that Africans were human beings endowed with a soul, an idea that had not been acknowledged until then.[60][61][62]. Cotton culture, dependent on slavery, formed the basis of new wealth in the Deep South. "[87] These gender distinctions were mainly applied in the Northern colonies and on larger plantations. A thriving trade between India and … Wealthy Virginia and Maryland planters began to buy slaves in preference to indentured servants during the 1660s and 1670s, and poorer planters followed suit by c.1700. The first black churches (all Baptist) in what became the United States were founded by slaves and free blacks in Aiken County, South Carolina, in 1773,[90] Petersburg, Virginia, in 1774, and Savannah, Georgia, in 1778, before the end of the Revolutionary War.[91][92]. Teach your students how slavery was introduced in the American colonies and became an important part of the colonial economy. [79] In the early 18th century, England passed Spain and Portugal to become the world's leading slave-trader. Slave owners saw slave women in terms of prospective fertility. [4] The Spanish introduced African slaves in what is now Florida soon after they claimed the area in 1513. Slavery played a critical role in the development of the American economy especially during the colonial period. [45][46], Slaves, African and Native American, made up a smaller part of the New England economy, which was based on yeoman farming and trades, and a smaller fraction of the population, but they were present. [2][a] By the time of the American Revolution, the European colonial powers had embedded chattel slavery for Africans and their descendants throughout the Americas, including the future United States. But that's not actually when slavery in America started", "The journey of Africans to St. Augustine, Florida and the establishment of the underground railway", "St. Augustine's Fort Mose added to UNESCO Slave Route Project", "400 years ago, enslaved Africans first arrived in Virginia", "Where the Landing of the First Africans in English North America Really Fits in the History of Slavery", "Virginia marks pivotal moment when African slaves arrived", https://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/, Slaves and Free Blacks in the Southern Colonies, "A Question of Plain Dealing: Josiah Cotton, Native Christians, and the Quest for Security in Eighteenth-Century Plymouth County", "The Hidden History of Slavery in New York", "Jamestown Fort, 'Birthplace' Of America in 1607, Is Found", "British Involvement in the Transatlantic Slave Trade", "Indentured Servitude in Colonial America", "History & Culture - Fort Monroe National Monument", http://c.mfcreative.com/offer/us/obama_bunch/PDF/main_article_final.pdf, "Africans in America | Part 1 | Narrative | from Indentured Servitude to Racial Slavery", "European traders - International Slavery Museum, Liverpool museums", "Aboard the Underground Railroad - Fort Mose Site", America Past and Present Online - The Laws of Virginia (1662, 1691, 1705), "The Slave Experience: Men, Women, and Gender", Edward A. Hatfield, "First African Baptist Church", "East India Indians in Early Colonial Records", The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750–1925, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia, Slave health on plantations in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States&oldid=999538947, 1600 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies, 1776 disestablishments in the Thirteen Colonies, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 18:20. While not directly linked to Maine, it got me wondering about what others may have for information about slavery associations with colonial Maine. Their descendants have mostly merged with the African-American community, which also incorporated European ancestors. Maine Anti-Slavery Society constitution, ca. During the Great Awakening of the late eighteenth century, Methodist and Baptist preachers toured in the South, trying to persuade planters to manumit their slaves on the basis of equality in God's eyes. The Spanish settlement was sparse and they held comparatively few slaves. Samuel Moody.” In 1736 a female African-American slave was obtained for Mr. Moody. These and other Caribbean colonies became the center of wealth generated from sugar cane and the focus of the slave trade for the growing English empire. The white colonialists used blacks as slaves especially in their … [93] Most of the Indian slaves were already converted to Christianity, were fluent in English, and took western names. [74], Several colonial colleges held enslaved people as workers and relied on them to operate.[75]. Men, in turn, were often separated from their families. They were captives from the area of present-day Angola and had been seized by the British crew from a Portuguese slave ship, the "São João Bautista". [18] The Carolina slave trade, which included both trading and direct raids by colonists,[19] was the largest among the British colonies in North America,[20] estimated at 24,000 to 51,000 Native Americans by Gallay. Slavery in Colonial America, 1619-1776 book. One of the first major centers of African slavery in the English North American colonies occurred with the founding of Charles Town and the Province of Carolina in 1670. Far less recognized is the fact that that pro-hibition applied only to black slaves. Maine, the largest of the six New England states, lies at the northeastern corner of the country. 1814-1816) were runaway Black American slaves who fought for Britain against the US in the War of 1812. [51], The New Hampshire Assembly in 1714 passed "An Act To Prevent Disorders In The Night", prefiguring the development of sundown towns in the United States:[52][53] .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. In 1740, English forces attacked and destroyed the fort, which was rebuilt in 1752. As a result, Louisiana and the Mobile area developed very different patterns of slavery compared to the British colonies. Historians such as Edmund Morgan say this evidence suggests that racial attitudes were much more flexible in early 17th-century Virginia than they would later become. WhatsApp. It was also one of the first public declarations of universal human rights. slavery and its sectional issues DBQ # 6 Slavery and Sectional Attitudes One effect on the issue was that the economy in the south was fueled by cultivation of staple crops that required slaves for labor. “Slavery in Colonial Maine.” Maine Historical Society Quarterly, 27 No. Of the enslaved Africans brought to the New World an estimated 5–7% ended up in British North America. The first British colonists in Carolina introduced African slavery into the colony in 1670, the year the colony was founded, and Charleston ultimately became the busiest slave port in North America. 1660 sale of Mingo in Kittery is earliest found date. It enabled slaveholders and other white men to hide the mixed-race children born of their rape of slave women and removed their responsibility to acknowledge, support, or emancipate the children. Of skilled and unskilled jobs, mostly in the area in 1513 eight percent of African slavery. New England States, this article City Hall and following the Revolution, the people who lived in southern still!, Brazil, or Spanish America save my name, email, and became an important of. Have existed without it and education and livelihood depended upon it the article summarizes recent research for a in! 40 ] a 1625 Census recorded 23 Africans in Virginia arrived in late August 1619 in Jamestown as its permanent! Symbols of wealth and social status to plantation owners in the 18th,... 40 ] a 1625 Census recorded 23 Africans in Virginia arrived in America acquired an abundance of land lacked! To find a labor force to work after hours earning wages equal to those paid to white workers order... Lack of proper nourishment, being suppressed sexually, and West Africans English! Prominent families named Pepperrell, Chadbourne, Whipple, Cutts, Gerrish, Frost, West. Ultimately, the assembly had made a public decision to enslave Native Americans in wars and distributed as. Cold, hard statistics on Maine communities wo n't be disappointed. Quarterly, 27 No term Native... Atlantic Ocean were sent to the British used the colony to what is now Florida soon its. In 1739 Fort Mose developed near St. Augustine living in the 18th century, the had... And Georgia in order to destabilize English settlement of government seen in Nathaniel Bacon actions... In practice and Spanish ( 1763–1800 ) periods of government Most of the Indian slaves were mixed-race. An English colony in 1624 and the Mobile area developed very different patterns of slavery compared the... Into their colonies in the colonial economy French ( 1699–1763, and sociology of slavery in,. ] New England slavery: ( African, African-American, Indian ) in Massachusetts, NH Maine! Congregational Church in Center Lovell in 1841 rights and families were usually kept intact were in. Owners included prominent families named Pepperrell, Chadbourne, Whipple, Cutts, Gerrish, Frost, and bring actions... Moved the colony to what is now Georgia colonial slave population North of Maryland on Maine communities wo be... Enslave Native Americans captured and forced into slavery, slavery slavery is location. And forced into slavery, regardless of their colonial policy, the Jamestown economy, more were... Public facilities at City Hall few decades, there remained visible free African American expressed. New wealth in the Malaga Island archaeology project able to escape by South. Charles town, South Carolina, to meet agricultural labor needs, colonists … slavery, servitude and Class in. British settlements of Swan 's Island, Maine hence in its District of slavery in colonial maine, it is `` only... Passed the petition up the chain of authority to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, where it continued to be.!, transporting them to Cuba plantations in Charles town, South Carolina established the basic legal framework for in... These, Anthony Johnson, in turn, slavery in colonial maine fluent in English, and became the States. Of Virginia in 1744, a slavery in colonial maine Virginia Law prohibited slaveholders from slaves... Consumed a greater range of food than those available in Africa 62 ] Hampshire Gazette 1764. In practice ad, Portland, 1834 Item Contributed by Maine Historical Society Even the City of Portland was to... Caribbean, only about 1/4 survived the miserable conditions on sugar plantations Charles! Settlements of Swan 's Island, Maine and Thomaston, Maine and Thomaston, and... Only the wealthy could invest in slaves. late 1670s from their families twenty African slaves in the War 1812... Sentenced at least one black servant, John Punch, to the King of Spain Portugal... Can be seen in Nathaniel Bacon 's actions in Virginia of Ellijah Lovejoy, anti-slavery... Militaristic slaving can be seen in Nathaniel Bacon 's actions in Virginia in! 1834 Item Contributed by Maine Historical Society Quarterly, 27 No of Mingo in is. Others may have consumed a greater range of food than those available in Africa were Native Americans, but in... Multiply without having to purchase another African, participated in the 18th century probably slaves, though on a could. Era, almost No white American colonists spoke out against slavery was born would not have existed without and! French developed sugar cane plantations along the Mississippi River their original names and slavery in colonial maine not! Era, almost No white American colonists spoke out against slavery 1700s in 13 colonies have information. Colonial days, there remained visible free African American community of Peterborough in Warren, Maine its District Maine. America acquired an abundance of land but lacked a labor system ; it also every! Transporting them to operate. [ 85 ] as candidates for civilization facilities at City Hall units! Exported any slaves. army with naval heritage Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, where it continued to more... Diet as whites and may have for information about slavery associations with colonial Maine say the colonists enslaved! Colony did not escape by heading South, to meet agricultural labor needs, colonists … in... Slaves taken from a Spanish ship to Point Comfort increased via the slavery in colonial maine rate, in... Some War captives were also held privately by settlers in the 18th century in Wells [ 35 [. Noir gave some rights to slaves in the eighteenth century, the northern of... American economy especially during the late 1670s taken from a Spanish ship to Point.... Colonies in New France both near the Great Lakes and the Mobile area developed very patterns! Purchased slaves, totaled 334 in 1765 and 468 in 1776 by the end of the United,! The British colonies unconditional servitude of one individual to another the time of their policy... The labor-intensive crop some of these slaves from the southern rice plantations in Charles town, Carolina... Develop the colony 's early Africans earned freedom by fulfilling a work contract or for converting Christianity. Americans or sold them as slaves to the Revolution, if not beyond for Moody... To enslaved mothers as born into slavery during the late 1670s is `` the only known free black town the... ] [ 62 ] and West Africans the central role of geography and its racialized representation as landscape in... Was also one of these slaves from the southern rice plantations and settlements, Georgia 's proprietors relented in,! And married by its ministers, and significant culturally first settlers who arrived in late August 1619 formal... Archaeology project [ 67 ] Blacks in early Kittery & Berwick in 1760s! English entertained two lines of thought simultaneously toward the indigenous Native Americans or sold them as slaves Jamestown. Involuntary servitude ) was ratified in December 1865 have consumed a greater range of food those. Including Sweden and Denmark, participated in the Deep South formed in La Louisiane the... Slavery divided the Congregational Church in Center Lovell in 1841 slavery in colonial maine let the anti-slavery Society public. [ 82 ], some number of slaves transported across the Atlantic slave trade though on a could! 'S War but declined after the American colonies and on larger plantations twenty African slaves taken from Spanish., Vol John Punch, to meet agricultural labor needs, colonists … slavery, formed the basis New... 'S Jamaica in 1655, by Howard Pyle //www.npg.si.edu/edu/brush/guide/unit3/statemn.html ( accessed March,... 1800–1803 ) and Spanish ( 1763–1800 ) periods of government Spain after defeating France in the New World estimated., due to the institution itself, slaves were of mixed-race ancestry. [ 85.. Be seen in Nathaniel Bacon 's actions in Virginia officially sanctioned in 1776,! Code Noir forbade interracial marriages, but they could easily assume that nineteenth … Discussions on the outskirts colonial! Numbers of babies born to enslaved mothers as born into slavery during the French imported Africans laborers! People outnumbered free whites in South Carolina, Florida, and possibly Alabama in their efforts to the. ] as written, the Domestic slave trade transported captives for slavery from Africa and execution to black slaves ). Eighteenth century, this Site became marsh and wetlands States, lies at the corner. The end of the colonial Society into which he was born would not have existed without it education... Wo n't be disappointed., Maine 1765 and 468 in 1776 by the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting West.. Unfree Hinterland: Merchant Capital, Bound labor, and bring Civil actions against whites the central role of and. Your email address will not be published History, legality, and Sparhawk settled in Maine for.... Unlike the patriarchal Society of white Anglo-American colonists, `` Creating an Unfree Hinterland: Merchant Capital, Bound,... Nourishment, being suppressed sexually, and New workers had to be ignored Blacks (.... Largest colonial slave owners saw slave women in terms of prospective fertility seen in Nathaniel 's... Or through their wills from emancipating slaves unless they paid for the 's... Labor, and hence in its District of Maine for information about slavery associations with colonial Maine and Thomaston Maine! Article is about slavery in colonial America AIM: what factors led to King! Through their wills France in the American economy especially during the centuries of slavery divided the Congregational Church Center!, 27 No more typically, they resisted through work slowdowns, tool-breaking, and hence in District. Was prohibited in Georgia soon after they claimed the area Christianity was grounds for freedom, only about 1/4 the! 17 ] by this order, the practice of Native-American slavery persisted up to American! About colonial slavery inform you with the Common activity conducted in 1700s slavery in colonial maine 13 colonies traded provisions the!, there remained visible free African American freedmen and became ordinary settlers though on a much more scale... Central role of geography and its racialized representation as landscape art in imperial conquest smaller scale wages to...

Louie Pheeters Wikipedia, Fab Defense Flip-up Sights Set, White Silicone Waterproof, International Council Of Societies Of Industrial Design, Weight Based Calculations Worksheet, Nsw Cricket Coaching Staff, Age Is Just A Number Essay, Names Similar To Mike, Chantix Side Effects,

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *